Volvo Penta · Inboard diesel

Volvo Penta MD22

The MD22 is Volvo Penta’s four-cylinder, 2.0-litre, freshwater-cooled diesel of the 1990s: a marinised Perkins Prima/M50, sold with the MS2 reverse gear or the 120S saildrive and a common auxiliary in sailing yachts of 35–45 ft. Four naturally aspirated versions exist — MD22, MD22A, MD22L (L-A and L-B) and MD22P (P-B) — next to the turbocharged TMD22 and TAMD22 on the same base engine, which share many service parts and are named here where Volvo Penta’s fit lists include them. What matters for servicing: early engines (MD22, MD22A, MD22L-A) have a cam-driven raw water pump and a top-mounted oil filter, the later MD22L-B and MD22P-B a belt-driven pump and an underslung filter. The D2-55 took over its role.

Manuals & documents
Wear parts & part numbers
Service intervals
Specifications
Good to know
Videos & how-tos
Fitted in
On the marketplace

Manuals & documents

The links go straight to Volvo Penta. We host no manuals or drawings — the manufacturer’s copy is the current one.

Instruction book MD22, MD22L, TMD22 (1995) Operation manual pubs.volvopenta.com · PDF · EN
Service protocol MD22A, MD22A-A, MD22L-A, TMD22A (2006) Service protocol pubs.volvopenta.com · PDF · EN
Volvo Penta manuals & handbooks: MD22 (all publications, also MD22A/L/P) Manual portal volvopenta.com · EN
Volvo Penta parts catalogue, filtered to MD22 Parts catalogue volvopenta.com · EN
Parts catalogue: sea water pump components, early cam-driven pump (MD22A, MD22L) Parts catalogue volvopenta.com · EN
Parts catalogue: sea water pump components, belt-driven pump (MD22L, MD22P) Parts catalogue volvopenta.com · EN

Wear parts & part numbers

Part	OEM number	Also fits	Note
Impeller kit (with gasket)	`3862281`^1,2,3,4,5,6replaces 876243	—	Volvo Penta’s current kit for both raw water pumps: it appears in the components list of the early cam-driven pump 859824 (MD22, MD22A, MD22L-A) and of the belt-driven pumps 3580946/3582510 (MD22L-B, MD22P-B); 876243 was the earlier number for the cam-driven pump. A dealer gives the same impeller for both (57 mm diameter, 16 mm shaft, 31.5 mm wide, 12 blades) but different gaskets and screws — order the kit for your pump type.
Pump cover gasket	`826244`^1,2,7	—	Both pump types; comes with the impeller kit and the repair kits. Fit a new one whenever the cover comes off.
Raw water pump	`859824`^8,1,9,10	—	Early cam-driven pump on the front of the engine; Volvo Penta’s fit list: MD22, MD22A, MD22L (and TMD22A). A dealer identifies it as the Jabsco-type pump (29500-1001) of the MD22A and MD22L-A and says it does not replace the later belt-driven pump.
Raw water pump	`3582510`^11,12,13,14replaces 3580946	—	Later belt-driven pump at the rear of the engine, driven by V-ribbed belt 3580835; the catalogue shows 3580946 replaced by 3582510. Volvo Penta’s fit list: MD22L, MD22P (and TMD22B, TMD22P-C, TAMD22P-B); dealers call it the Johnson-type pump of the MD22L-B and MD22P-B.
Water pump repair kit	`876242`^1,15replaces 859867	—	Repair kit for the early cam-driven pump 859824 (fit list MD22A, MD22L, TMD22A); 859867 is the older number.
Water pump repair kit	`876829`^2,16	—	Repair kit for the belt-driven pumps 3580946/3582510 (MD22L-B, MD22P-B): bearings, seals, cam, cover, screws and impeller.
Seawater pump belt	`3580835`^11,17,18	—	V-ribbed belt for the belt-driven pump only (MD22L-B, MD22P-B; Volvo Penta’s fit list also names TMD22B, TMD22P-C, TAMD22P-B). Engines with the cam-driven pump have no pump belt.
Engine oil filter	`861476`^19,20	—	Early type that screws down onto the housing from above; Volvo Penta’s fit list: MD22, MD22A, MD22L (and TMD22A). Dealer cross-reference Perkins 2654409 (95 mm diameter, 13/16"-16 UNF thread, 104 mm high). Not every MD22L has this housing — check which filter is fitted.
Engine oil filter	`3517857`^21,22	—	Later type that screws up onto the housing from below; Volvo Penta’s fit list: MD22L, MD22P (plus TMD22B, TMD22P-C, TAMD22P-B and the 31 series). Dealer cross-reference Bosch P3219 (93 mm diameter, 3/4"-16 UN thread, 85 mm high).
Fuel filter (engine)	`22860817`^23,24,25	—	Spin-on engine filter with venting and drain screws (Volvo Penta’s catalogue calls it ‘fuel filter housing’); fit list: MD22, MD22A, MD22L, MD22P (and TMD22A/B, TMD22P-C, TAMD22P-B). Dealer cross-reference Perkins 26561118.
Fuel pre-filter	`3581078`^26,27	—	Element for the Volvo Penta water-separating pre-filter 877766 (metal bowl) or 877767 (plastic bowl), the ‘extra fuel filter’ of the manual — only if that filter is fitted; many boats carry another make. Fit list includes MD22A, MD22L, MD22P. Dealer cross-reference Perkins 4326658 (88 mm diameter, 70 mm high, three sealing rings).
Alternator V-belt	`966912`^28,29,25	—	Standard alternator, all versions (fit list MD22, MD22A, MD22L, MD22P, TMD22/TAMD22). Tension so the belt gives about 10 mm between the pulleys.
Timing belt	`859773`^30,31	—	Toothed camshaft belt, all versions (fit list MD22, MD22A, MD22L, MD22P, TMD22/TAMD22); dealer data: 143 teeth, 30 mm wide, 9.525 mm pitch, 1362 mm long. Replacement needs special tools — a workshop job; renew the tensioner and idler pulley with it.
Thermostat	`6210419`^32,33	—	Opens at 82 °C (dealer data); fit list MD22A, MD22L, MD22P (and TMD22/TAMD22). The dealer’s equivalent comes with its gasket.
Exhaust mixing elbow	`861574`^34,35	—	Water-injected elbow; fit list MD22A, MD22L, MD22P. Not sold in the online shop — order through a Volvo Penta dealer.
Exhaust elbow gasket	`859834`^36,37	—	Exhaust outlet gasket; fit list MD22A, MD22L, MD22P, TMD22/TAMD22 and D2-55.
Pressure cap	`844624`^38,39	—	Expansion tank cap, 30 kPa. Volvo Penta’s fit list names MD22A and MD22L, not MD22P; a dealer lists MD22, MD22A-A, MD22L and MD22L-A.
Glow plug	`859854`^40,41	—	Four per engine; fit list MD22, MD22A, MD22L, MD22P (and TMD22/TAMD22).
Coolant pump	`21282005`^42,43	—	Coolant circulation pump; fit list MD22A, MD22L, MD22P (and TMD22/TAMD22). Mounted on a machined face without a paper gasket — use sealant.
Fuel lift pump	`859844`^44,45	—	Mechanical feed pump with strainer. One source for the fitment: Volvo Penta’s catalogue page exists (not sold online) but shows no fit list; the MD22 fitment comes from a dealer.
Saildrive anode	`876286`^46,47,25	—	Zinc ring kit on the 120S saildrive only (fit list 120S-D, 120S-E, MD22, MD22A); a dealer gives the older number 851983 and the dimensions 97 mm outer, 40 mm inner diameter, 27 mm high, 72 mm bolt spacing. Zinc for salt water; the manual says magnesium in fresh water.

Numbers checked against the sources below on 12 October 2026. Always confirm against your serial number and exact type before ordering.

Service intervals

Task	Interval
First service	Engine oil and filter after the first 20 h on a new or reconditioned engine (2006 service protocol: first service at 20–50 h)^25,48
Engine oil change	Every 200 h or yearly²⁵
Oil filter	With every oil change²⁵
Fuel filter	Every 200 h or yearly; drain water from the filter every 14 days²⁵
Fuel pre-filter	Element every 200 h or yearly, if a water-separating pre-filter is fitted; check its bowl for water every 14 days^25,48
Raw water impeller	Inspect every 200 h or yearly and replace if damaged; the 2006 service protocol lists it for replacement at 200 h^25,48
V-belt check	Check tension every 50 h: about 10 mm give between the pulleys²⁵
V-belt replace	Every 200 h or yearly (1995 book); re-check the tension after a few hours’ running²⁵
Timing belt	Check every other season (workshop); replace every third year (1995 book) or every 2000 h (2006 service protocol)^25,48
Sea water strainer	Clean every 50 h (if fitted), more often where it tends to block²⁵
Coolant change	At least every 2 years with 50/50 antifreeze, every season with water and corrosion additive only; drain and flush the freshwater system yearly²⁵
Gearbox oil change	Reverse gear or saildrive: every 200 h or yearly; check the level every 14 days²⁵
Valve clearance	Every 2000 h (dealer; the 1995 book gives no interval)^48,25
Injectors	Opening pressure, spray pattern and leakage every 600 h (dealer)^25,48
Strainer clean	Fuel feed pump strainer: clean every 200 h or yearly, then bleed the fuel system²⁵
Hoses & clamps	Condition of all rubber hoses and clamps every 200 h or yearly (2006 service protocol)⁴⁸
Saildrive anode	Check at lay-up and shortly before launching, replace at 50 % wear (2006 protocol: every 100 h or yearly)^25,48
Saildrive diaphragm	Rubber seal between drive and hull: check at lay-up, replace every 7 years (Volvo Penta dealer)^25,48
Battery	Electrolyte level every 14 days or 25 h: 5–10 mm above the plates²⁵
Crankcase ventilation	Clean the ventilation valve every other season (1995 book) or every other year (2006 protocol)^25,48
Shaft seal (stuffing box)	Reverse-gear installations: every 500 h or at least every 5 years⁴⁸

Hours or time, whichever comes first, from the 1995 instruction book for MD22, MD22L and TMD22 (publication 7736943). Where the 2006 service protocol for MD22A, MD22A-A, MD22L-A and TMD22A (7747096) adds or differs, it says so.

Specifications

Cylinders	4, in-line, four-stroke, direct injection²⁵
Displacement	1.994 l (84.4 × 89.0 mm)²⁵
Firing order	1-3-4-2²⁵
Compression ratio	MD22 18.1:1; MD22L 17.0:1; TMD22 17.2:1²⁵
Idle speed	775–825 rpm²⁵
Cooling	Freshwater circuit with heat exchanger; engine-mounted raw water pump — cam-driven on early engines, belt-driven on MD22L-B and MD22P-B^25,6
Thermostat opens at	82 °C (dealer data for thermostat 6210419)³³
Engine oil capacity	6 l²⁵
Engine oil grade	API CC or CD (TMD22: CD); the book advises against CD oil during the first 20–40 running hours; viscosity from the temperature chart in the manual²⁵
Oil pressure	2.5 bar with the engine hot at full speed²⁵
Coolant capacity	8 l²⁵
Coolant	50 % antifreeze / 50 % fresh water; alternatively fresh water with about 1 l of corrosion-protective additive (then change every season)²⁵
Valve clearance (cold)	Adjustment: inlet 0.20–0.40 mm, exhaust 0.30–0.50 mm; check values: inlet 0.25–0.35 mm, exhaust 0.35–0.45 mm (as printed in the 1995 book; dealer job)²⁵
Alternator	14 V / 60 A (approx. 840 W)²⁵
Starter motor	approx. 1.8 kW; 12 V system, 70 Ah starter battery²⁵
Weight	224 kg with reverse gear, 238 kg with 120S saildrive²⁵
Gearbox	Reverse gear MS2L-E (2.3:1, straight) or MS2A-E (2.4:1 or 3.0:1, 7° down angle); 120S-E saildrive (2.2:1)²⁵
Gear oil capacity	MS2 reverse gear 0.8 l; 120S-E saildrive approx. 2.8 l (only 0.07 l between MIN and MAX)²⁵
Gear oil grade	Volvo Penta transmission oil 1141572-6 (API GL5, SAE 75W/90 synthetic) for reverse gear and saildrive²⁵
Drain plug torque	Reverse gear and saildrive oil drain plug: 20 ± 5 Nm²⁵
Max. installation angle	20° aft, 30° sideways, under way²⁵

Good to know

Identify your raw water pump before ordering: MD22, MD22A and MD22L-A have a cam-driven pump on the front of the engine (859824), MD22L-B and MD22P-B a belt-driven pump at the rear (3580946/3582510). Impeller kit 3862281 fits both, but gaskets, screws, repair kits and the pumps themselves differ.⁶
Two oil filter arrangements exist: early engines take a filter that screws down onto the housing from above (861476), later MD22L and MD22P engines one that screws up from below (3517857). Compare with the old filter before buying.^22,20
The camshaft belt is the one service item that needs a workshop: have it checked every other season and renewed every third year (1995 book) or 2000 hours (2006 protocol), together with the tensioner and idler pulley.^25,48,31
Set the alternator belt so it gives about 10 mm between the pulleys, re-check a few hours after fitting a new belt, and adjust it warm for the most accurate tension.²⁵
In frost, drain the seawater side: loosen the hoses at the raw water pump and strainer, remove the plug in the heat exchanger pipe and turn the engine over to empty the pump. Keep the freshwater side on 50/50 antifreeze — the MD22L has no oil cooler drain plug.²⁵
The MD22 is a marinised Perkins Prima/M50, so dealers list several service parts under Perkins numbers too: oil filter 2654409 (= 861476), spin-on fuel filter 26561118 (= 22860817), pre-filter element 4326658 (= 3581078).^20,24,27

Videos & how-tos

Links to YouTube, nothing embedded. The maker’s own channel comes first; the rest are channels we found clear and correct for this model.

Timing belt, coolant pump and pulleys on a TMD22 Video Mothership Adrift Boat Maintenance · EN · 23 min
Cleaning and rebuilding the heat exchanger of a TMD22 Video Mothership Adrift Boat Maintenance · EN · 14 min
Changing the timing belt and coolant pump on an MD22L (Spanish) Video SYSOGNO · ES · 10 min

Fitted in

Boats whose builder lists it as standard or optional equipment:

Hallberg-Rassy 352 — Volvo Penta MD22P (Option towards the end of production, fitted to a few boats: 57 hp (German and Swedish yard pages; the English page only says MD 22))
Hallberg-Rassy 36 — Volvo Penta MD22, 42 kW (57 hp) (Mk I brochure (1989), range brochures 1993 and 1996 and the yard specification of 1999: MD 22 with 42 kW/57 hp (at 4000 rpm in the 1999 specification))
Hallberg-Rassy 36 — Volvo Penta MD22P, 42 kW (57 hp) (Yard specifications from July 2000 to February 2001 and the German standard specification)
Hallberg-Rassy 42E & 42F — Volvo Penta TMD22 (42F: in the 1993 range brochure and in the yard’s specification and data sheets for Mk I and Mk II: four cylinders, turbocharged, 56 kW (76 hp), two-circuit cooling, on four rubber mounts)

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Sources

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